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Battle honours of the British and Imperial Armies
The following battle honours were awarded to units of the British Army and the armies of British India and the Dominions of the British Empire.〔The full list of battle honours was obtained from Baker (1986) and Rodger (2003). Individual honours are linked to the most relevant Wikipedia article. An on-line list of honours may be found at T.F. Mills's (Chronological Index of British and Imperial Battle Honours to 1945 ) (archive of Regiments.org page)〕 From their institution until the end of the Second World War, awards were made by, or in consultation with, the British government,〔Until 1858, awards for battles that took place in the Indian subcontinent (including Burma) were awarded by the East India Company.〕 but, since 1945, the individual countries of the former British Empire have awarded battle honours to their forces independently.
==Origins==
The first battle honour was the motto ''Virtutis Namurcensis Præmium'' (Reward for valour at Namur),〔Wood (2001), p. 124〕 ordered by King William III to be emblazoned on the colour of the 18th Regiment of Foot, later the Royal Irish Regiment, for their part in the Siege of Namur in 1695.〔Cannon (1848), p. 17〕 Many years later, in 1910, the honour ''Namur 1695'' was awarded to 14 regiments, including the Royal Irish. In 1768, the 15th Light Dragoons, later 15th The King's Hussars, were uniquely awarded the honour ''Emsdorf''〔In full: ''Five battalions of French defeated and taken by this Regiment with their Colours and nine pieces of cannon at Emsdorff 16th July 1760.''〕 to be worn on their helmets in commemoration of their success at the Battle of Emsdorf in 1760.〔BritishBattles.com (The Battle of Emsdorf )〕
The first battle honour displayed on the colours in the modern manner〔Infantry regiments generally emblazon their battle honours on their regimental colours. Rifle regiments, which do not carry colours, display them on their badges, buckles, buttons or elsewhere on their uniforms. The heavy cavalry (Household Cavalry and Dragoon Guards) carry them on their standards and the light cavalry (Dragoons, Lancers and Hussars) on their guidons. (The Blues and Royals carry both standards and a guidon since they are the result of the amalgamation of a Household Cavalry and a Dragoon regiment. Until 1837, Dragoon Guards regiments also carried both standards and guidons.)〕 was awarded in 1784 when four infantry regiments〔1st Battalions of the 12th, 39th, 56th and 58th Regiments of Foot. Later also the Highland Light Infantry for 2 Bn, 73rd Foot.〕 that took part in the defence of Gibraltar of 1779–83 were ordered to display the word ''Gibraltar'' on a scroll on their Second (now Regimental) Colour.〔Rodger (2003), p. 10〕 Later, a badge of the Castle and Key was added, with a scroll carrying the motto ''Montis Insignia Calpe''〔''Badge of the Rock of Gibraltar''〕 below it, and the word ''Gibraltar'' was changed to ''Gibraltar 1779–83''.〔The Highland Light Infantry was awarded ''Gibraltar 1780–83''.〕 Although this award was made promptly after the event, this is not always the case: the oldest battle honours, ''Tangier 1662–1680'' and ''Tangier 1680'', were awarded in 1909, over 220 years after the temporary but tumultuous occupation of that port.〔Singh (1993), p. 74〕
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